气候变化背景下基于MaxEnt模型的刺梨潜在适生区分布预测

为阐明气候变化背景下刺梨(Rosa roxburghii)在中国的潜在适生区分布,该研究基于刺梨的自然分布数据及当代(1960~1990)、未来(21世纪50年代及70年代)气候因子数据,采用最大熵(MaxEnt)模型模拟了当前和未来气候情景下刺梨在中国的潜在适生区,并确定影响其地理分布的主要气候因子。结果表明:(1)温度因子是影响刺梨分布的关键气候因子,尤其是最冷月份最低温度(BIO06)对模型的百分比贡献率和排列重要性分别为66.7%和53.4%。(2)在当代气候条件下,刺梨的总适生区面积为3.50×10⁶km²,占中国陆地面积的36.44%。其中,高度适生区面积为2.05×10⁵km²,占总适生区面积的5.87%,主要分布在贵州西部、四川中部及川渝陕边境。(3)未来气候变化情景下,刺梨的总适生区和低度适生区面积将增加,而中、高度适生区面积将减小。在21世纪70年代RCP4.5气体条件下,中、高度适生区面积均出现最小值,分别为7.07×10⁵km²和2.80×10⁴km²,仅占当代中、高度适生区面积的53.30%和13.65%。研究发现,刺梨的适生区随着气候变化略增加并有向高纬度地区迁移的趋势,但在四川中部及川渝陕边境的高度适生区显著减少,将来主要分布于贵州省。     

梁王山大花香水月季居群表型多样性分析

以云南省澄江市梁王山一带3个大花香水月季居群240个个体为研究对象,采用巢式方差分析、表型变异系数分析、Pearson相关性分析等方法,对大花香水月季的花、叶等16个表型性状进行分析。结果表明:大花香水月季居群内和居群间均存在丰富的表型多样性,表型分化系数在-1.51%～26.18%之间,在较近的距离内,居群内多样性远高于居群间多样性。表型性状在居群内的平均变异系数为13.62%,离散程度相对较低,其中,变异系数最大的是花梗长,最小的是花瓣长宽比。相关性分析发现,大多数花部性状间、叶部性状间相关性较强,但花部性状与叶部性状之间相关性较低甚至不相关。     

Lumbo-sacral neural crest derivatives fate mapped with the aid of Wnt-1 promoter integrate but are not essential to kidney development

Neural crest (NC) cells may be involved in kidney organogenesis by providing inductive signals and contributing to cells of the renal stroma. We show here that the lumbo-sacral NC cells fate mapped with the aid of Wnt-1 promoter in the mouse migrate close to the metanephros at the initiation of organogenesis but these cells remain superficial to the condensed Pax2-expressing mesenchymal cells. NC-derived cells enter later into the kidney proper from the midline region. The NC cells contribute also to development of the extra-adrenal para-aortic bodies, Zuckerkandl's bodies and the nerve cord of the sympathetic nervous system. Splotch (Sp^2H/Sp^2H) embryos, having a NC defect in the lumbo-sacral region, develop a normal metanephros even though the kidney does not express the NC markers Sox10, Phox2b and tyrosine hydroxylase. Consistent with the histological findings, the kidneys of Sp^2H/Sp^2H embryos also express the stromal genes Foxd1, Hoxa10 and RARβ normally. Wnt-1 promoter-marked wild-type LacZ NC cells migrate intensely from the heterologous inducer tissue of the embryonic dorsal spinal cord (SPC) to the kidney mesenchyme, but tubule induction does not depend on NC migration, since the Sp^2H/Sp^2H SPC also induces tubulogenesis. The Sp^2H/Sp^2H mesenchyme also remains competent for tubulogenesis. We conclude that the NC cells fate mapped with the aid of Wnt-1 promoter migrate to the close to the metanephros and form later derivatives integrating with the kidney, but they may not be essential to the development of the stromal cells nor they may provide critical morphogenetic signals to regulate early kidney development in vivo.     

平阴玫瑰花芽分化期叶片内源激素的变化

对平阴玫瑰花芽分化期叶片甲醇提取物进行IAA、ZR、GA₃、ABA的分离、纯化和测定。结果发现,所测的几种激素均表现出明显的变化规律,其中IAA和GA₃在花芽分化期含量逐渐下降,且在分化临界期出现一低峰,而ZR和ABA则完全相反。同时经比较分析得出ABA/GA₃, ABA/IAA,ZR/GA₃,ZR/IAA也表现明显的变化规律,即比值总体趋势是逐渐提高,且均在分化临界期含量出现一飞跃,显然ABA/GA3,ABA/IAA,ZR/GA₃,ZR/IAA在平阴玫瑰的花芽分化过程中起着重要的调控作用,由此推测,增加植物体内的ABA、ZR的含量或降低IAA、GA₃的含量,都可以促进玫瑰的花芽分化;反之则抑制其花芽分化。     

提高狗蔷薇离体培养植株再生频率*

以狗蔷薇( Rosa canina Inermis) 为材料, 以MS 为基本培养基, 通过对不同植物生长调节剂的组合,
大幅度提高了狗蔷薇离体培养植株再生频率。结果表明, 210 mgPL 6-BA+ 01 3 mgPL 2, 4-D 的组合较为适宜,
其不定芽再生率为87%, 增殖率为310; 而CPPU 和2, 4-D 的适宜组合为115 mgPL+ 013 mgPL, 其不定芽再
生率高达93%, 增殖率为510。同时, 研究结果显示, 以MS+ 40 gPL 蔗糖+ 610 gPL 琼脂粉+ 31 5 mgPL
AgNO3 + 115 mgPL CPPU+ 01 1 mgPL 2, 4-D+ 0105 mgPL GA3 作增殖培养基效果最好, 不定芽诱导率为89%,
增殖率为51 5; 利于生根的培养基为1P4MS+ 20 gPL 蔗糖+ 315 gPL 琼脂+ 013%活性碳+ 011 mgPL IBA+ 011
mgPL NAA, 生根率为91%。     

镧和钐对月季切花衰老的影响

0.5×10-3mol·L-1的La3+和Sm3+溶液均能改善月季切花体内的水分平衡,增加切花鲜重和维持花径大小,减少花瓣溶质外渗,维持细胞膜结构的稳定性,降低呼吸速率,使切花瓶插寿命延长2￣3d。     

金线莲挥发油化学成分的研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取花叶开唇兰挥发油,用GC毛细管柱进行分析,归一化法测定其相对含量,并用GC-MS法鉴定化学成分。检出182个成分,鉴定出73个化合物,占挥发油总量的92.64%,主要成分为:正十六烷酸(25.22%)、(Z,Z)-9,12-十八碳二烯酸甲酯(6.47%)、11,14,17-二十碳三烯酸甲酯(4.42%)、(Z,Z)-9,12-十八碳二烯酸(15.35%)和(Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸甲酯(13.64%)。     

Blue light effects on rose photosynthesis and photomorphogenesis

Through its impact on photosynthesis and morphogenesis, light is the environmental factor that most affects plant architecture. Using light rather than chemicals to manage plant architecture could reduce the impact on the environment. However, the understanding of how light modulates plant architecture is still poor and further research is needed. To address this question, we examined the development of two rose cultivars, Rosa hybrida‘Radrazz’ and Rosa chinensis‘Old Blush’, cultivated under two light qualities. Plants were grown from one‐node cuttings for 6 weeks under white or blue light at equal photosynthetic efficiencies. While plant development was totally inhibited in darkness, blue light could sustain full development from bud burst until flowering. Blue light reduced the net CO₂ assimilation rate of fully expanded leaves in both cultivars, despite increasing stomatal conductance and intercellular CO₂ concentrations. In ‘Radrazz’, the reduction in CO₂ assimilation under blue light was related to a decrease in photosynthetic pigment content, while in both cultivars, the chl a/b ratio increased. Surprisingly, blue light could induce the same organogenetic activity of the shoot apical meristem, growth of the metamers and flower development as white light. The normal development of rose plants under blue light reveals the strong adaptive properties of rose plants to their light environment. It also indicates that photomorphogenetic processes can all be triggered by blue wavelengths and that despite a lower assimilation rate, blue light can provide sufficient energy via photosynthesis to sustain normal growth and development in roses.     

新疆东天山地区宽刺蔷薇居群表型多样性分析

对新疆东天山地区6个宽刺蔷薇（Rosa platyacantha）居群进行叶片、花序、果实、种子等11个表型性状的遗传多样性分析,结果表明：宽刺蔷薇各表型性状无论在居群间还是在居群内均表现出显著或极显著差异,存在丰富的表型多样性。6个居群11个性状的平均表型分化系数为27.50%,表明居群内多样性较居群间多样性更为丰富。各表型性状平均变异系数为16.51%,离散程度相对较低。对表型性状进行的变异系数多重比较和主成分分析均显示,果实相关性状的变异是造成宽刺蔷薇表型变异的主要来源。性状相关性分析进一步发现,生殖生长与前期的营养生长并无明显相关关系。聚类分析结果表明,6个宽刺蔷薇居群的表型性状并没有严格依地理距离聚类,而是受到遗传因素与环境条件特别是海拔因子的共同影响。